Thaum xub thawj, tib neeg stitched tsiaj nkaum rau hauv tubular qauv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, Dutch Van der Heyden cov kwv tij tau tsim cov kav ntev ntev, uas tau siv dav rau kev tua hluav taws thaum lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov roj hmab hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tsim cov tshuab vulcanization, cov roj hmab hoses - nrog rau cov roj hmab hoses armored nrog hlau, hemp hlua, los yog lwm yam fabrics - tau los rau hauv muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj hmab hoses tsis tsim nyog rau kev thauj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li siab - cov kua dej kub (steam, cua kub), cov kua dej cryogenic (kua hydrogen, oxygen, helium), los yog cov khoom corrosive (roj av, kerosene, acids, alkalis). Lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau tshwj xeeb yog qhov nyuaj rau lav nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias.
Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas hloov mus rau cov kav hlau; los ntawm kev hloov cov geometry ntawm lub raj hlau los tsim cov corrugations ntawm nws sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, lub raj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov yooj yim ntawm cov roj hmab hose thaum tseem muab kev tiv thaiv rau siab thiab qis kub, kev laus, thiab corrosion. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau bellows -cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hose- tau yug los.
Xyoo 1855, Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau luam tawm thawj patent rau kev tsim cov tshuab raj, siv cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub uas twb muaj lawm- cov txheej txheem ua. Peb caug xyoo tom qab ntawd, tus Fab Kis Fab Kis E. Levavasseur thiab tus German H. Witzenmann tau sib koom tes los tsim ib hom tshiab ntawm cov tshuab hlau, ruaj patents nyob rau Fabkis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum lub Yim Hli 1885. Cov no yog cov kauv caj dab tsim los ntawm winding ib qho S- zoo li cov hlau zawj ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb; cov roj hmab strips, paj rwb ntaub, los yog asbestos hlua tau siv los ntim cov hlua khi ntawm cov coils uas nyob ib sab, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj lub foob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav.
Xyoo 1894, cov qauv ntawm cov kab no tau txhim kho: ob lub hlau strips tau raug mob nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv ntawm cov kab sib txawv. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tau tso cai rau cov hlau strips kom sib npaug sib npaug hauv kev thauj khoom, yog li kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tshuab nqus dej tsis txaus ntseeg. Xyoo 1929, ib qho kev siv thev naus laus zis loj tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov tshuab raj: qhov kev daws teeb meem tag nrho ntawm kev sib khi tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov grooves- uas yav tas los nyob hauv cov hlua roj hmab lossis cov hlua asbestos - thaum khoov. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau qhib qhov kev cia siab loj heev rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab. Integral bellows tau tom qab tsim los ntawm cov hlau thiab tooj liab -zinc alloys (siv seamless los yog welded tubing); cov no cia siab rau lub elastic deformation ntawm corrugated sidewalls kom muaj compressibility los yog extensibility thaum kom ntseeg tau ib tug txhim khu kev qha foob.
Txij xyoo 1950 mus, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ob-walled, triple-walled, thiab multi-walled bellows-tshwj xeeb yog cov uas ua los ntawm ultra-nyias-walled stainless steel- nrawm nrawm. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li kev ua haujlwm sib txawv, ntau yam kev tsim khoom tau ua haujlwm, suav nrog vuam, electroforming, machining, hydraulic forming, thiab mechanical spinning. Nominal txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 2 hli mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 400-500 hli, nrog cov kab loj loj ncav cuag txoj kab uas hla mus txog 10 meters. Tus naj npawb ntawm corrugations sib txawv los ntawm tsawg li ib los yog ob mus rau qhov sib txuas ua ke ntawm ntau pua, txhiab, lossis txawm kaum txhiab.
Muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab raj ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau hoses, cov evolution ntawm hlau bellows zoo tsom iav qhov evolution ntawm hlau hoses. Kev tsim kho tshiab tom ntej-xws li txheej txheej txheej nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo li roj hmab, yas, lossis nylon; ntxiv kev tiv thaiv braiding ua los ntawm hlau hlau los yog sawb; thiab sib koom ua ke ntau yam ntawm qhov kawg fittings- tau coj mus rau kev tsim ntau hom hlau hose configurations haum rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm.